概述：自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車在生產(chǎn)混凝土的過程中，需要進(jìn)行骨料、粉料、液體外加劑、水等原材料的精確計(jì)量。對于在戶外無固定工作場所、需現(xiàn)場攪拌
自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車在生產(chǎn)混凝土的過程中，需要進(jìn)行骨料、粉料、液體外加劑、水等原材料的精確計(jì)量。對于在戶外無固定工作場所、需現(xiàn)場攪拌澆筑的攪拌車而言，在計(jì)量過程中保持設(shè)備、框架的穩(wěn)定、平穩(wěn)，才能保障高質(zhì)量的原材料計(jì)量過程。有利于提高計(jì)量精度的設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)用于攪拌車結(jié)構(gòu)的各個(gè)方面。
In the process of producing concrete, the self compacting concrete mixer needs to accurately measure the raw materials such as aggregate, powder, liquid admixture and water. For the mixer truck without fixed outdoor workplace and requiring on-site mixing and pouring, the high-quality raw material metering process can be guaranteed by maintaining the stability and stability of equipment and frame in the metering process. The design is conducive to improve the measurement accuracy and is applied to all aspects of the mixer structure.
骨料的輸送和計(jì)量，采用了石子和砂疊加計(jì)量輸送的皮帶秤裝置。骨料在卸料進(jìn)入皮帶秤的過程中，因空間的落差存在，使得卸料門接收信號(hào)關(guān)閉后，有多余骨料進(jìn)入到皮帶秤中。通過軟件、電氣控制，使其具備能夠自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償骨料的落差量，準(zhǔn)確達(dá)到計(jì)量的目標(biāo)值。皮帶秤使用裙邊皮帶進(jìn)行骨料輸送，皮帶側(cè)邊的裙邊結(jié)構(gòu)能防止砂、石子向側(cè)邊漏料，保障計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確。砂計(jì)量皮帶采用變頻控制，能根據(jù)計(jì)量的需要調(diào)節(jié)輸送的速度，進(jìn)一步提高計(jì)量精度。
The belt scale device of superposition metering and conveying of stone and sand is adopted for the transportation and metering of aggregate. In the process of aggregate unloading into the belt scale, due to the drop of space, after the receiving signal of the unloading door is closed, excess aggregate enters the belt scale. Through software and electrical control, it can automatically compensate the drop of aggregate and accurately achieve the measurement target value. The belt scale uses skirt belt for aggregate conveying. The skirt structure on the side of the belt can prevent sand and gravel from leaking to the side and ensure accurate measurement. The sand metering belt adopts frequency conversion control, which can adjust the conveying speed according to the metering needs and further improve the metering accuracy.
粉料的使用量小于骨料的使用量，為達(dá)到精確的計(jì)量，需要采用更嚴(yán)格的措施。攪拌車在進(jìn)行粉料的配料工作時(shí)，粉料通過帶有變頻功能的螺旋輸送機(jī)進(jìn)行輸送后，進(jìn)入匹配的粉料秤中計(jì)量。通過變頻控制對螺旋輸送速度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，初始計(jì)量時(shí)快速送料，節(jié)省時(shí)間；計(jì)量接近目標(biāo)值時(shí)慢速送料，把控精度。以此在兼顧效率的情況下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了粉料的粗、精計(jì)量效果。
The use of powder is less than that of aggregate. In order to achieve accurate measurement, more stringent measures need to be taken. When the mixer truck is carrying out the mixing of powder, the powder is transported through the screw conveyor with frequency conversion function and then enters the matched powder scale for measurement. The screw conveying speed is adjusted through frequency conversion control, and the material is fed quickly during initial metering to save time; When the metering is close to the target value, feed slowly to control the accuracy. In this way, the coarse and fine metering effect of powder is realized under the condition of considering efficiency.
與皮帶秤類似，螺旋輸送機(jī)與粉秤之間也存在高度落差，為提升計(jì)量精度，粉料計(jì)量系統(tǒng)采用了“一增一減”控制算法。其過程如下：當(dāng)粉秤在輸送、存料階段時(shí)，采用增量控制算法，進(jìn)行落差量的自動(dòng)補(bǔ)秤；當(dāng)粉秤在卸料階段時(shí)，系統(tǒng)檢測粉秤內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)量，如重量超出目標(biāo)值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行減量控制算法，截留超出的重量供下批次配料使用。由于粉料自身的細(xì)微顆粒、容易結(jié)塊的特性，粉秤的出料口處的軟連接容易出現(xiàn)積灰、積料的現(xiàn)象，將對計(jì)量精度造成不利的影響。對此使用專為粉料卸料設(shè)計(jì)的異形軟連接，能防止粉料積料產(chǎn)生的拉秤現(xiàn)象，不良影響。通過變頻輸送、“一增一減”、防拉連接這些措施，保障攪拌車中粉料計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確進(jìn)行。
Similar to the belt scale, there is also a height drop between the screw conveyor and the powder scale. In order to improve the metering accuracy, the powder metering system adopts the "one increase and one decrease" control algorithm. The process is as follows: when the powder scale is in the conveying and storage stage, the incremental control algorithm is adopted to automatically replenish the drop; When the powder scale is in the unloading stage, the system detects the memory reserves of the powder scale. If the weight exceeds the target value, the system executes the reduction control algorithm to intercept the excess weight for the next batch of batching. Due to the characteristics of fine particles and easy caking of powder, the soft connection at the discharge port of powder scale is prone to ash and material accumulation, which will have an adverse impact on the measurement accuracy. In this regard, the special-shaped soft connection specially designed for powder unloading can prevent the scale pulling phenomenon caused by powder accumulation and eliminate adverse effects. Through frequency conversion transportation, "one increase and one decrease" and anti pull connection, the accurate measurement of powder in the mixer is guaranteed.
在框架、箱體振動(dòng)不可避免的情況下，為了保證水和液體外加劑準(zhǔn)確計(jì)量，采用傳統(tǒng)的單吊點(diǎn)式、以拉式傳感器計(jì)量的方式不是選擇。采用拉式傳感器作為計(jì)量元件的液體秤，其原理是通過感應(yīng)計(jì)量重量產(chǎn)生的重力應(yīng)變，轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)得到重量值，在混凝土攪拌站中應(yīng)用廣泛。然而由于其感應(yīng)靈敏的特性，在進(jìn)行微小目標(biāo)值計(jì)量時(shí)，設(shè)備框架的振動(dòng)、外力微小的擾動(dòng)等都可能導(dǎo)致計(jì)量值的偏離，在結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、計(jì)量要求精確、工況復(fù)雜、拌合質(zhì)量要求高的自密實(shí)混凝土攪拌車中，應(yīng)當(dāng)有更好的設(shè)計(jì)。通過多次試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，水、液體外加劑使用流量計(jì)進(jìn)行原材料計(jì)量，很好的克服了拉式傳感器的缺點(diǎn)。
When the vibration of frame and box is inevitable, in order to ensure the accurate measurement of water and liquid admixture, the traditional single hanging point and pull sensor measurement is not the best choice. The principle of liquid scale using pull sensor as metering element is to convert the gravity strain generated by metering weight into electrical signal to obtain the weight value, which is widely used in concrete mixing plant. However, due to its sensitive sensing characteristics, the vibration of the equipment frame and small disturbance of external force may lead to the deviation of the measured value when measuring the small target value. In the self compacting concrete mixer with compact structure, accurate measurement requirements, complex working conditions and high mixing quality requirements, there should be a better design. Through many tests, it is verified that the flowmeter is used for raw material measurement of water and liquid admixtures, which overcomes the shortcomings of pull sensor.
在液體計(jì)量系統(tǒng)中采用的流量計(jì)，其工作原理是根據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)原理進(jìn)行流量測量。當(dāng)水、外加劑這類導(dǎo)體在磁場中做切割磁力線運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，在管道兩端的電極上產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢。通過測量感應(yīng)電勢，結(jié)合其他已知參數(shù)換算為水或外加劑的計(jì)量重量。在流量計(jì)中，感應(yīng)電壓信號(hào)與平均流速呈線性關(guān)系，測量精度高；測量電極內(nèi)置，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)；計(jì)量過程不受到振動(dòng)因素影響，計(jì)量過程穩(wěn)定平穩(wěn)。
The working principle of the flowmeter used in the liquid metering system is to measure the flow according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When conductors such as water and additives move to cut magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field, an induced potential is generated on the electrodes at both ends of the pipeline. By measuring the induced potential, combined with other known parameters, it is converted to the measured weight of water or admixture. In the flowmeter, the induced voltage signal has a linear relationship with the average flow rate, and the measurement accuracy is high; Built in measuring electrode, strong anti-interference ability; The metering process is not affected by vibration factors, and the metering process is stable.
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